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\def\partials#1#2#3{\( {\partial {#1} \over \partial {#2}} \)_{#3} }
%\def\subsubsubsection#1{{\bf\large #1}}
\def\subsubsubsection#1{{\bf #1}}
\def\eqbm{equilibrium}

\def\breakS{\vfill\eject}

\def\be{\begin{equation}}
\def\ee{\end{equation}}
\newcommand{\bea}{\begin{eqnarray}}
\newcommand{\eea}{\end{eqnarray}}



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#3}
\end{center} \end{figure}\hspace{-3.5mm}}
\newcommand{\fig}{{\it}}% fig.}\ }



\def\dbar{{\mathchar'26\mkern-12mu d}} 

%
%%MATH MACROS
%Greek letters and their bars
\def\ep{\epsilon}
\def\bep{\bar\epsilon}
\def\blam{\bar\lambda}
\def\bsig{\bar\sigma}
\def\bpsi{\bar\psi}
\def\bphi{\bar\phi}
\def\bp{\bar\partial}
\def\bthet{\overline \theta}
\def\Dbar{\overline D}
\def\bgam{\bar\gamma}
\def\p{\partial}
\def\tilp{\tilde\partial}
\def\eps{\epsilon}
\def\half{{1\over 2}}
\def\Tr{{{\rm Tr~ }}}
\def\tr{{\rm tr}}
\def\Re{{\rm Re\hskip0.1em}}
\def\Im{{\rm Im\hskip0.1em}}
\def\even{{\rm even}}
\def\odd{{\rm odd}}
\def\lcm{{\rm lcm}}
\def\diag{{\rm diag}}
\def\bra#1{{\langle}#1|}
\def\ket#1{|#1\rangle}
\def\bbra#1{{\langle\langle}#1|}
\def\kket#1{|#1\rangle\rangle}
\def\vev#1{\langle{#1}\rangle}
\def\Dslash{\rlap{\hskip0.2em/}D}
\def\dslash{\rlap{{\hskip0.08em/}}\partial}

\def\CA{{\cal A}}
\def\CC{{\cal C}}
\def\CD{{\cal D}}
\def\CE{{\cal E}}
\def\CF{{\cal F}}
\def\CG{{\cal G}}
\def\CH{{\cal H}}
\def\CI{{\cal I}}
\def\CT{{\cal T}}
\def\CM{{\cal M}}
\def\CN{{\cal N}}
\def\CO{{\cal O}}%AEL
\def\CP{{\cal P}}
\def\CR{{\cal R}}
\def\CL{{\cal L}}
\def\CV{{\cal V}}
\def\CS{{\cal S}}
\def\CW{{\cal W}}
\def\CX{{\cal X}}%AEL
\def\ad#1#2{{\delta\over\delta\sigma^{#1}(#2)}}
\def\ppt{{\partial\over\partial t}}
\def\comment#1{[#1]}
\def\nl{\hfill\break}
\def\a{\alpha}
\def\ta{\tilde\alpha}
\def\ap{\alpha'}
\def\sqap{\sqrt{\alpha'}}
\def\bA{\bar A}
\def\floor#1{{#1}}
\def\sgn{{\rm sgn\ }}
\def\I{{\rm I}}
\def\IA{{\rm IA}}
\def\II{\relax{I\kern-.10em I}}
\def\IIa{{\II}a}
\def\IIb{{\II}b}
\def\TeV{{\rm TeV}}
\def\hk{hyperk\"ahler\  }
\def\Hk{Hyperk\"ahler\  }
\def\cascade{{\cal A}}
%
%{\buildrel b \to i \over \longrightarrow}
\def\imp{$\Rightarrow$}
%\def\IZ{\relax\ifmmode\mathchoice
%{\hbox{\cmss Z\kern-.4em Z}}{\hbox{\cmss Z\kern-.4em Z}}
%{\lower.9pt\hbox{\cmsss Z\kern-.4em Z}}
%{\lower1.2pt\hbox{\cmsss Z\kern-.4em Z}}
%\else{\cmss Z\kern-.4emZ}\fi}
\def\IZ{\relax{\rm Z\kern-.34em Z}}
\def\IB{\relax{\rm I\kern-.18em B}}
\def\IC{{\relax\hbox{$\inbar\kern-.3em{\rm C}$}}}
\def\ID{\relax{\rm I\kern-.18em D}}
\def\IE{\relax{\rm I\kern-.18em E}}
\def\IF{\relax{\rm I\kern-.18em F}}
\def\IG{\relax\hbox{$\inbar\kern-.3em{\rm G}$}}
\def\IGa{\relax\hbox{${\rm I}\kern-.18em\Gamma$}}
\def\IH{\relax{\rm I\kern-.18em H}}
\def\II{\relax{\rm I\kern-.18em I}}
\def\IK{\relax{\rm I\kern-.18em K}}
\def\IP{\relax{\rm I\kern-.18em P}}
%\def\IX{\relax{\rm X\kern-.01em X}}
%this doesn't work
\def\IX{{\bf X}}
%
\def\barom{\overline{\Omega}}
\def\barA{\bar{A}}
\def\jb{{\bar \jmath}}
\def\Hom{{\rm Hom}}
\def\inbar{\,\vrule height1.5ex width.4pt depth0pt}
\def\mod{{\rm\; mod\;}}
\def\ndt{\noindent}
\def\p{\partial}
\def\pab{\pb_{\bar A} }
\def\pb{{\bar \p}}
\def\pgp{\pb g g^{-1}}
\font\cmss=cmss10 \font\msss=cmss10 at 7pt
\def\IR{\relax{\rm I\kern-.18em R}}
\def\pbar{\bar{\p}}
\def\qmvw{\CM_{\vec \zeta}(\vec v, \vec w) }
%i made these.
\def\sdtimes{\mathbin{\hbox{\hskip2pt\vrule
height 4.1pt depth -.3pt width .30pt\hskip-2pt$\times$}}}
%\def\simgt{\hskip0.05in\relax{ > 
%{\lower5.0pt\hbox{\kern-1.05em $\sim$}} } \hskip0.05in}
%\def\simlt{\hskip0.05in\relax{ <
%{\lower5.0pt\hbox{\kern-1.05em $\sim$}} } \hskip0.05in}
%\def\simlt{\hskip0.05in\relax{ 
%\raise3.0pt\hbox{ $<$
%{\lower5.0pt\hbox{\kern-1.05em $\sim$}} } \hskip0.05in}
%\def\simgt{\hskip0.05in\relax{ 
%\raise3.0pt\hbox{ $>$
%{\lower5.0pt\hbox{\kern-1.05em $\sim$}} }} \hskip0.05in}
\def\ker{{\rm ker\ }}
\def\cok{{\rm cok\ }}
\def\im{{\rm im\ }}
\def\ind{{\rm ind\ }}
\def\ub{{\bar{u}}}
\def\vol{{\rm vol}}
\def\Vol{{\rm Vol}}
\def\wb{{\bar{w}}}
\def\zb {{\bar{z}}}
\def\one {{\bf 1}}
\def\dpr{^{\prime\dagger}}
%
\def\BR{\IR}
\def\BZ{Z} % for now
\def\BP{\IP}
\def\BR{\IR}
\def\BC{\IC}
\def\BM{\QM}
\def\BH{\QH}
\def\BX{\QX}
%
\def\ls{l_s}
\def\ms{m_s}
\def\gs{g_s}
\def\lp10{\ell_p^{10}}
\def\lp11{\ell_p^{11}}
\def\R11{R_{11}}
\def\mb{{m_{\rm brane}}}
\def\vb{{v_{\rm brane}}}
%
\def\brs{Q_{{\rm B}}}
\def\brsb{\bar{Q}_{{\rm B}}}
\def\dels{\delta_{{\rm S}}}
\def\delb{\delta_{{\rm B}}}
\def\zb{\bar{z}}
\def\frac#1#2{{#1 \over #2}}
\def\epb{\bar{\epsilon}}
\def\tts{{\rm tt}{}^\ast}
\def\ch{{\rm ch}}
\def\td{{\rm Td}}
\def\ahat{\hat{A}}
\def\cft#1{{\rm CFT_{#1}}}
\def\dS{\partial \Sigma}
%\def\ni{\noindent}
\def\imt{{\rm Im} \tau}
\def\mfl{ (-1)^{F_L}}
\def\mfr{ (-1)^{F_R}}

\def\up{\uparrow}
\def\down{\downarrow}

\def\norm#1{\vrule\hskip-1.2pt \vrule \hskip1.2pt #1  \hskip1.2pt \vrule\hskip-1.2pt \vrule}
\def\norm#1{|\hskip-1.5pt | \hskip1.5pt #1  \hskip1.5pt |\hskip-1.5pt |}
%$ \norm{A}$

%identity operator from doyon-fonseca
\def\Ione{\hbox{$1\hskip -1.2pt\vrule depth 0pt height 1.53ex width 0.7pt
                  \vrule depth 0pt height 0.3pt width 0.12em$}}


\def\norm#1{\vrule\hskip-1.2pt \vrule \hskip1.2pt #1  \hskip1.2pt \vrule\hskip-1.2pt \vrule}
\def\norm#1{|\hskip-1.5pt | \hskip1.5pt #1  \hskip1.5pt |\hskip-1.5pt |}
%$ \norm{A}$


\def\thetafunction#1#2#3#4{
\vartheta\left[\matrix{ #1 \cr #2} \right] (#3 |#4)}


%% from the topological vertex paper


%%                              TABLEAUX.TEX
%%      This  macro file is for producing a ``Young Tableau'' which is
%%      an array of little squares sometimes used in mathematical physics.
%%      For instance, the command $\tableau{6 3 2}$ will produce a tableau
%%      with 6 squares in the top row, 3 in the next, and 2 in the last.
%%                                  OOOOOO
%%      This tableau will look like OOO    but made of squares instead of O's.
%%                                  OO
%%      Any number of rows may be present, each having a nonzero number of
%%      squares.
%%
%%      A tableau is math mode material, so use $ or $$ to enclose it.
%%
%%      The size and line-thickness of the little boxes are controlled by the
%%      dimension parameters --
%%              \tableauside=1.0ex              %(size)
%%              \tableaurule=0.4pt              %(line-thickness)
%%      Change them if you want.
%%
%%                                                      -- Doug Eardley 9/19/8%%
%%
\newdimen\tableauside\tableauside=1.0ex
\newdimen\tableaurule\tableaurule=0.4pt
\newdimen\tableaustep
\def\phantomhrule#1{\hbox{\vbox to0pt{\hrule height\tableaurule width#1\vss}}}
\def\phantomvrule#1{\vbox{\hbox to0pt{\vrule width\tableaurule height#1\hss}}}
\def\sqr{\vbox{%
  \phantomhrule\tableaustep
  \hbox{\phantomvrule\tableaustep\kern\tableaustep\phantomvrule\tableaustep}%
  \hbox{\vbox{\phantomhrule\tableauside}\kern-\tableaurule}}}
\def\squares#1{\hbox{\count0=#1\noindent\loop\sqr
  \advance\count0 by-1 \ifnum\count0>0\repeat}}
\def\tableau#1{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
  \tableaustep=\tableauside\advance\tableaustep by-\tableaurule
  \kern\normallineskip\hbox
    {\kern\normallineskip\vbox
      {\gettableau#1 0 }%
     \kern\normallineskip\kern\tableaurule}%
  \kern\normallineskip\kern\tableaurule}}
\def\gettableau#1 {\ifnum#1=0\let\next=\null\else
  \squares{#1}\let\next=\gettableau\fi\next}

\tableauside=1.0ex
\tableaurule=0.4pt


%% from shiraz


\font\smallrm=cmr8
 \def\app#1#2{\global\meqno=1\global\subsecno=0\xdef\secsym{\hbox{#1.}}
 \bigbreak\bigskip\noindent{\bf Appendix.}\message{(#1. #2)}
 \writetoca{Appendix {#1.} {#2}}\par\nobreak\medskip\nobreak}
 %
 %       \eqn\label{a+b=c}       gives displayed equation, numbered
 %                               consecutively within sections.
%     \eqnn and \eqna define labels in advance (of eqalign?)
 %
 \def\eqnn#1{\xdef #1{(\secsym\the\meqno)}\writedef{#1\leftbracket#1}%
 \global\advance\meqno by1\wrlabeL#1}
 \def\eqna#1{\xdef #1##1{\hbox{$(\secsym\the\meqno##1)$}}
 \writedef{#1\numbersign1\leftbracket#1{\numbersign1}}%
 \global\advance\meqno by1\wrlabeL{#1$\{\}$}}
 \def\eqn#1#2{\xdef #1{(\secsym\the\meqno)}\writedef{#1\leftbracket#1}%
 \global\advance\meqno by1$$#2\eqno#1\eqlabeL#1$$}

%\def\IZ{\relax\ifmmode\mathchoice
% {\hbox{\cmss Z\kern-.4em Z}}{\hbox{\cmss Z\kern-.4em Z}}
% {\lower.9pt\hbox{\cmsss Z\kern-.4em Z}}
% {\lower1.2pt\hbox{\cmsss Z\kern-.4em Z}}\else{\cmss Z\kern-.4em Z}\fi}



\global\newcount\itemno \global\itemno=0
\def\itemized{\global\itemno=0\bigbreak\bigskip\noindent}
\def\itemaut#1{\global\advance\itemno by1\noindent\item{\the\itemno.}#1}

%\itemized
%\itemaut{First this.}
%\itemaut{Then that.}


\def\bs{\backslash}
\def\bfe{{\bf e}}

\def\del{\partial}

\def\({\left(}
\def\){\right)}

\def\sidebarb{\color{darkblue}
\vskip.2in
\hrule 
}

\def\sidebare{
\vskip.2in
\hrule 
\cob
}


\def\ppi{\boldsymbol{\pi}}
\def\pphi{\boldsymbol{\phi}}
%\def\pphi{\phi}
\def\grad{\vec \nabla}
\def\vB{\vec B}
\def\vE{\vec E}
\def\vA{\vec A}
\def\vAA{ \vec{\bf A}}
\def\vEE{{{\vec {\bf E}}}}
\def\vBB{{\vec {\bf B}}}

\def\cc{{\bf c}}

\def\ii{{\bf i}}


\def\CK{{\cal K}}
\def\xx{{\bf x}}
\def\yy{{\bf y}}

\def\dd{\text{d}}

\def\pp{{\bf p}}
\def\aa{{\bf a}}
\def\qq{{\bf q}}

\def\AA{{\bf A}}
\def\BB{{\bf B}}
\def\EE{{\bf E}}
\def\HH{{\bf H}}
\def\JJ{{\bf J}}
\def\MM{{\bf M}}
\def\NN{{\bf N}}
\def\PP{{\bf P}}
\def\QQ{{\bf Q}}
\def\RR{{\bf R}}
\def\UU{{\bf U}}
\def\VV{{\bf V}}
\def\WW{{\bf W}}
\def\rrho{{\boldsymbol\rho}}
\def\ssigma{{\boldsymbol\sigma}}
\def\SSigma{{\boldsymbol\Sigma}}
\def\Prob{\text{{\bf Prob}}}

 \def\XX{{\bf X}}
 \def\ZZ{{\bf Z}}
\def\YY{{\bf Y}}
\def\cnot{\CC_\text{not}}


%%ENGLISH MACROS
\def\eg{{\it e.g.}}
\def\ie{{\it i.e.}}
\def\cf{{\it c.f.}}
\def\etal{{\it et. al.}}
\hyphenation{Di-men-sion-al}

\usepackage[yyyymmdd,hhmmss]{datetime}
\newif{\ifeq}           % defines a new condition @eq tested by the conditional \ifeq
\eqtrue                 % if uncommented, declares @eq to be true
%\eqfalse               % if uncommented, declares @eq to be false
                                %
                                % to use this, wrap text with the conditional, eg:
                                %
                                % \ifeq
                                % SHOW THIS IFF \eqtrue HAS BEEN DECLARED
                                % \fi



%\preprint{MIT-CTP/nnnn}
\begin{document}
\title{The Title of Your Paper}
\author{Your Name}  
\affiliation{Department of Physics, 
University of California at San Diego,
La Jolla, CA 92093} 

\begin{abstract}
A concise abstract summarizing the point in a few sentences goes here.
\end{abstract}
%\pacs{Keywords: }
\maketitle


%\tableofcontents

\section{Introduction}


Words go here.

The introduction could end with an outline of what's going to happen in the rest of the paper.

\section{Equations and figures}

Here is an in-line equation $ \vec F = m \vec a$.
Here is a displayed equation.
$$ \vec F = m \vec a $$

Here is a numbered equation:
\be \label{eq:equation}
\vec F = m \vec a 
\ee
\eqref{eq:equation} is a numbered equation.
You have to latex the document twice to get the number to appear.

\cor This sentence is red.  \cob

\vskip0.2in
There is some vertical space before this sentence.

Here is how to include a figure called figure-name.png:
  \begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
    \includegraphics[width=0.41\textwidth]
    {figure-name.png}
    \end{verbatim}
  \end{center}
  
  \section{How to make the bibliography}

To make the bibilography you have two options.
\begin{enumerate}
\item You can get the references from e.g. 
\htmladdnormallink{spires}{http://inspirehep.net}
(click on LaTeX(US))
and paste them into a list below, like this:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{thebibliography}{99}
%\cite{Polyakov:1976fu}
\bibitem{Polyakov:1976fu} 
  A.~M.~Polyakov,
  ``Quark Confinement and 
  Topology of Gauge Groups,''
  Nucl.\ Phys.\ B {\bf 120}, 429 (1977).
  
  %\cite{Belavin:1976vj}
\bibitem{Belavin:1976vj} 
  A.~A.~Belavin and A.~M.~Polyakov,
``Quantum Fluctuations 
of Pseudoparticles,''
  Nucl.\ Phys.\ B {\bf 123}, 429 (1977).
\end{thebibliography}
\end{verbatim}
This requires you to put them in the right order.

\item Alternatively you can use BibTeX:
Paste the BibTeX entries
(on spires, click on BibTeX; the 
\htmladdnormallink{Physical Review Online}{http://prola.aps.org/}
website also exports BibTeX references)
into a file called \eg\ paperElephant.bib.
The entries look like this:
\begin{verbatim}
@article{Polyakov:1976fu,
      author         = "Polyakov, Alexander M.",
      title          = "{Quark Confinement and Topology of Gauge Groups}",
      journal        = "Nucl.Phys.",
      volume         = "B120",
      pages          = "429-458",
      doi            = "10.1016/0550-3213(77)90086-4",
      year           = "1977",
      reportNumber   = "NORDITA-76/33",
      SLACcitation   = "%%CITATION = NUPHA,B120,429;%%",
}
\end{verbatim}
Then, instead of the bibliography list, place this command before the end:
\begin{verbatim}
\bibliography{paperElephant}
\end{verbatim}
\end{enumerate}
In either case, we cite a paper like this:
\cite{Polyakov:1976fu}.


\vskip.2in
{\bf Acknowledgements}

Here you can acknowledge people who helped you.


\begin{thebibliography}{99}
%\cite{Polyakov:1976fu}
\bibitem{Polyakov:1976fu} 
  A.~M.~Polyakov,
  ``Quark Confinement and Topology of Gauge Groups,''
  Nucl.\ Phys.\ B {\bf 120}, 429 (1977).
  
  %\cite{Belavin:1976vj}
\bibitem{Belavin:1976vj} 
  A.~A.~Belavin and A.~M.~Polyakov,
``Quantum Fluctuations of Pseudoparticles,''
  Nucl.\ Phys.\ B {\bf 123}, 429 (1977).
\end{thebibliography}



\end{document}