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\def\partials#1#2#3{\( {\partial {#1} \over \partial {#2}} \)_{#3} }
%\def\subsubsubsection#1{{\bf\large #1}}
\def\subsubsubsection#1{{\bf #1}}
\def\eqbm{equilibrium}

\def\breakS{\vfill\eject}

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\newcommand{\fig}{{\it}}% fig.}\ }



\def\dbar{{\mathchar'26\mkern-12mu d}} 

%
%%MATH MACROS
%Greek letters and their bars
\def\ep{\epsilon}
\def\bep{\bar\epsilon}
\def\blam{\bar\lambda}
\def\bsig{\bar\sigma}
\def\bpsi{\bar\psi}
\def\bphi{\bar\phi}
\def\bp{\bar\partial}
\def\bthet{\overline \theta}
\def\Dbar{\overline D}
\def\bgam{\bar\gamma}
\def\p{\partial}
\def\tilp{\tilde\partial}
\def\eps{\epsilon}
\def\half{{1\over 2}}
\def\Tr{{{\rm Tr~ }}}
\def\tr{{\rm tr}}
\def\Re{{\rm Re\hskip0.1em}}
\def\Im{{\rm Im\hskip0.1em}}
\def\even{{\rm even}}
\def\odd{{\rm odd}}
\def\lcm{{\rm lcm}}
\def\diag{{\rm diag}}
\def\bra#1{{\langle}#1|}
\def\ket#1{|#1\rangle}
\def\bbra#1{{\langle\langle}#1|}
\def\kket#1{|#1\rangle\rangle}
\def\vev#1{\langle{#1}\rangle}
\def\Dslash{\rlap{\hskip0.2em/}D}
\def\dslash{\rlap{{\hskip0.08em/}}\partial}

\def\CA{{\cal A}}
\def\CC{{\cal C}}
\def\CD{{\cal D}}
\def\CE{{\cal E}}
\def\CF{{\cal F}}
\def\CG{{\cal G}}
\def\CH{{\cal H}}
\def\CI{{\cal I}}
\def\CT{{\cal T}}
\def\CM{{\cal M}}
\def\CN{{\cal N}}
\def\CO{{\cal O}}%AEL
\def\CP{{\cal P}}
\def\CR{{\cal R}}
\def\CL{{\cal L}}
\def\CV{{\cal V}}
\def\CS{{\cal S}}
\def\CW{{\cal W}}
\def\CX{{\cal X}}%AEL
\def\ad#1#2{{\delta\over\delta\sigma^{#1}(#2)}}
\def\ppt{{\partial\over\partial t}}
\def\comment#1{[#1]}
\def\nl{\hfill\break}
\def\a{\alpha}
\def\ta{\tilde\alpha}
\def\ap{\alpha'}
\def\sqap{\sqrt{\alpha'}}
\def\bA{\bar A}
\def\floor#1{{#1}}
\def\sgn{{\rm sgn\ }}
\def\I{{\rm I}}
\def\IA{{\rm IA}}
\def\II{\relax{I\kern-.10em I}}
\def\IIa{{\II}a}
\def\IIb{{\II}b}
\def\TeV{{\rm TeV}}
\def\hk{hyperk\"ahler\  }
\def\Hk{Hyperk\"ahler\  }
\def\cascade{{\cal A}}
%
%{\buildrel b \to i \over \longrightarrow}
\def\imp{$\Rightarrow$}
%\def\IZ{\relax\ifmmode\mathchoice
%{\hbox{\cmss Z\kern-.4em Z}}{\hbox{\cmss Z\kern-.4em Z}}
%{\lower.9pt\hbox{\cmsss Z\kern-.4em Z}}
%{\lower1.2pt\hbox{\cmsss Z\kern-.4em Z}}
%\else{\cmss Z\kern-.4emZ}\fi}
\def\IZ{\relax{\rm Z\kern-.34em Z}}
\def\IB{\relax{\rm I\kern-.18em B}}
\def\IC{{\relax\hbox{$\inbar\kern-.3em{\rm C}$}}}
\def\ID{\relax{\rm I\kern-.18em D}}
\def\IE{\relax{\rm I\kern-.18em E}}
\def\IF{\relax{\rm I\kern-.18em F}}
\def\IG{\relax\hbox{$\inbar\kern-.3em{\rm G}$}}
\def\IGa{\relax\hbox{${\rm I}\kern-.18em\Gamma$}}
\def\IH{\relax{\rm I\kern-.18em H}}
\def\II{\relax{\rm I\kern-.18em I}}
\def\IK{\relax{\rm I\kern-.18em K}}
\def\IP{\relax{\rm I\kern-.18em P}}
%\def\IX{\relax{\rm X\kern-.01em X}}
%this doesn't work
\def\IX{{\bf X}}
%
\def\barom{\overline{\Omega}}
\def\barA{\bar{A}}
\def\jb{{\bar \jmath}}
\def\Hom{{\rm Hom}}
\def\inbar{\,\vrule height1.5ex width.4pt depth0pt}
\def\mod{{\rm\; mod\;}}
\def\ndt{\noindent}
\def\p{\partial}
\def\pab{\pb_{\bar A} }
\def\pb{{\bar \p}}
\def\pgp{\pb g g^{-1}}
\font\cmss=cmss10 \font\msss=cmss10 at 7pt
\def\IR{\relax{\rm I\kern-.18em R}}
\def\pbar{\bar{\p}}
\def\qmvw{\CM_{\vec \zeta}(\vec v, \vec w) }
%i made these.
\def\sdtimes{\mathbin{\hbox{\hskip2pt\vrule
height 4.1pt depth -.3pt width .30pt\hskip-2pt$\times$}}}
%\def\simgt{\hskip0.05in\relax{ > 
%{\lower5.0pt\hbox{\kern-1.05em $\sim$}} } \hskip0.05in}
%\def\simlt{\hskip0.05in\relax{ <
%{\lower5.0pt\hbox{\kern-1.05em $\sim$}} } \hskip0.05in}
%\def\simlt{\hskip0.05in\relax{ 
%\raise3.0pt\hbox{ $<$
%{\lower5.0pt\hbox{\kern-1.05em $\sim$}} } \hskip0.05in}
%\def\simgt{\hskip0.05in\relax{ 
%\raise3.0pt\hbox{ $>$
%{\lower5.0pt\hbox{\kern-1.05em $\sim$}} }} \hskip0.05in}
\def\ker{{\rm ker\ }}
\def\cok{{\rm cok\ }}
\def\im{{\rm im\ }}
\def\ind{{\rm ind\ }}
\def\ub{{\bar{u}}}
\def\vol{{\rm vol}}
\def\Vol{{\rm Vol}}
\def\wb{{\bar{w}}}
\def\zb {{\bar{z}}}
\def\one {{\bf 1}}
\def\dpr{^{\prime\dagger}}
%
\def\BR{\IR}
\def\BZ{Z} % for now
\def\BP{\IP}
\def\BR{\IR}
\def\BC{\IC}
\def\BM{\QM}
\def\BH{\QH}
\def\BX{\QX}
%
\def\ls{l_s}
\def\ms{m_s}
\def\gs{g_s}
\def\lp10{\ell_p^{10}}
\def\lp11{\ell_p^{11}}
\def\R11{R_{11}}
\def\mb{{m_{\rm brane}}}
\def\vb{{v_{\rm brane}}}
%
\def\brs{Q_{{\rm B}}}
\def\brsb{\bar{Q}_{{\rm B}}}
\def\dels{\delta_{{\rm S}}}
\def\delb{\delta_{{\rm B}}}
\def\zb{\bar{z}}
\def\frac#1#2{{#1 \over #2}}
\def\epb{\bar{\epsilon}}
\def\tts{{\rm tt}{}^\ast}
\def\ch{{\rm ch}}
\def\td{{\rm Td}}
\def\ahat{\hat{A}}
\def\cft#1{{\rm CFT_{#1}}}
\def\dS{\partial \Sigma}
%\def\ni{\noindent}
\def\imt{{\rm Im} \tau}
\def\mfl{ (-1)^{F_L}}
\def\mfr{ (-1)^{F_R}}

\def\up{\uparrow}
\def\down{\downarrow}

\def\norm#1{\vrule\hskip-1.2pt \vrule \hskip1.2pt #1  \hskip1.2pt \vrule\hskip-1.2pt \vrule}
\def\norm#1{|\hskip-1.5pt | \hskip1.5pt #1  \hskip1.5pt |\hskip-1.5pt |}
%$ \norm{A}$

%identity operator from doyon-fonseca
\def\Ione{\hbox{$1\hskip -1.2pt\vrule depth 0pt height 1.53ex width 0.7pt
                  \vrule depth 0pt height 0.3pt width 0.12em$}}


\def\norm#1{\vrule\hskip-1.2pt \vrule \hskip1.2pt #1  \hskip1.2pt \vrule\hskip-1.2pt \vrule}
\def\norm#1{|\hskip-1.5pt | \hskip1.5pt #1  \hskip1.5pt |\hskip-1.5pt |}
%$ \norm{A}$


\def\thetafunction#1#2#3#4{
\vartheta\left[\matrix{ #1 \cr #2} \right] (#3 |#4)}


%% from the topological vertex paper


%%                              TABLEAUX.TEX
%%      This  macro file is for producing a ``Young Tableau'' which is
%%      an array of little squares sometimes used in mathematical physics.
%%      For instance, the command $\tableau{6 3 2}$ will produce a tableau
%%      with 6 squares in the top row, 3 in the next, and 2 in the last.
%%                                  OOOOOO
%%      This tableau will look like OOO    but made of squares instead of O's.
%%                                  OO
%%      Any number of rows may be present, each having a nonzero number of
%%      squares.
%%
%%      A tableau is math mode material, so use $ or $$ to enclose it.
%%
%%      The size and line-thickness of the little boxes are controlled by the
%%      dimension parameters --
%%              \tableauside=1.0ex              %(size)
%%              \tableaurule=0.4pt              %(line-thickness)
%%      Change them if you want.
%%
%%                                                      -- Doug Eardley 9/19/8%%
%%
\newdimen\tableauside\tableauside=1.0ex
\newdimen\tableaurule\tableaurule=0.4pt
\newdimen\tableaustep
\def\phantomhrule#1{\hbox{\vbox to0pt{\hrule height\tableaurule width#1\vss}}}
\def\phantomvrule#1{\vbox{\hbox to0pt{\vrule width\tableaurule height#1\hss}}}
\def\sqr{\vbox{%
  \phantomhrule\tableaustep
  \hbox{\phantomvrule\tableaustep\kern\tableaustep\phantomvrule\tableaustep}%
  \hbox{\vbox{\phantomhrule\tableauside}\kern-\tableaurule}}}
\def\squares#1{\hbox{\count0=#1\noindent\loop\sqr
  \advance\count0 by-1 \ifnum\count0>0\repeat}}
\def\tableau#1{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
  \tableaustep=\tableauside\advance\tableaustep by-\tableaurule
  \kern\normallineskip\hbox
    {\kern\normallineskip\vbox
      {\gettableau#1 0 }%
     \kern\normallineskip\kern\tableaurule}%
  \kern\normallineskip\kern\tableaurule}}
\def\gettableau#1 {\ifnum#1=0\let\next=\null\else
  \squares{#1}\let\next=\gettableau\fi\next}

\tableauside=1.0ex
\tableaurule=0.4pt


%% from shiraz


\font\smallrm=cmr8
 \def\app#1#2{\global\meqno=1\global\subsecno=0\xdef\secsym{\hbox{#1.}}
 \bigbreak\bigskip\noindent{\bf Appendix.}\message{(#1. #2)}
 \writetoca{Appendix {#1.} {#2}}\par\nobreak\medskip\nobreak}
 %
 %       \eqn\label{a+b=c}       gives displayed equation, numbered
 %                               consecutively within sections.
%     \eqnn and \eqna define labels in advance (of eqalign?)
 %
 \def\eqnn#1{\xdef #1{(\secsym\the\meqno)}\writedef{#1\leftbracket#1}%
 \global\advance\meqno by1\wrlabeL#1}
 \def\eqna#1{\xdef #1##1{\hbox{$(\secsym\the\meqno##1)$}}
 \writedef{#1\numbersign1\leftbracket#1{\numbersign1}}%
 \global\advance\meqno by1\wrlabeL{#1$\{\}$}}
 \def\eqn#1#2{\xdef #1{(\secsym\the\meqno)}\writedef{#1\leftbracket#1}%
 \global\advance\meqno by1$$#2\eqno#1\eqlabeL#1$$}

%\def\IZ{\relax\ifmmode\mathchoice
% {\hbox{\cmss Z\kern-.4em Z}}{\hbox{\cmss Z\kern-.4em Z}}
% {\lower.9pt\hbox{\cmsss Z\kern-.4em Z}}
% {\lower1.2pt\hbox{\cmsss Z\kern-.4em Z}}\else{\cmss Z\kern-.4em Z}\fi}



\global\newcount\itemno \global\itemno=0
\def\itemized{\global\itemno=0\bigbreak\bigskip\noindent}
\def\itemaut#1{\global\advance\itemno by1\noindent\item{\the\itemno.}#1}

%\itemized
%\itemaut{First this.}
%\itemaut{Then that.}


\def\bs{\backslash}
\def\bfe{{\bf e}}

\def\del{\partial}

\def\({\left(}
\def\){\right)}

\def\sidebarb{\color{darkblue}
\vskip.2in
\hrule 
}

\def\sidebare{
\vskip.2in
\hrule 
\cob
}


\def\ppi{\boldsymbol{\pi}}
\def\pphi{\boldsymbol{\phi}}
%\def\pphi{\phi}
\def\grad{\vec \nabla}
\def\vB{\vec B}
\def\vE{\vec E}
\def\vA{\vec A}
\def\vAA{ \vec{\bf A}}
\def\vEE{{{\vec {\bf E}}}}
\def\vBB{{\vec {\bf B}}}

\def\cc{{\bf c}}

\def\ii{{\bf i}}


\def\CK{{\cal K}}
\def\xx{{\bf x}}
\def\yy{{\bf y}}

\def\dd{\text{d}}

\def\pp{{\bf p}}
\def\aa{{\bf a}}
\def\qq{{\bf q}}

\def\AA{{\bf A}}
\def\BB{{\bf B}}
\def\EE{{\bf E}}
\def\HH{{\bf H}}
\def\JJ{{\bf J}}
\def\MM{{\bf M}}
\def\NN{{\bf N}}
\def\PP{{\bf P}}
\def\QQ{{\bf Q}}
\def\RR{{\bf R}}
\def\UU{{\bf U}}
\def\VV{{\bf V}}
\def\WW{{\bf W}}
\def\rrho{{\boldsymbol\rho}}
\def\ssigma{{\boldsymbol\sigma}}
\def\SSigma{{\boldsymbol\Sigma}}
\def\Prob{\text{{\bf Prob}}}

 \def\XX{{\bf X}}
 \def\ZZ{{\bf Z}}
\def\YY{{\bf Y}}
\def\cnot{\CC_\text{not}}


%%ENGLISH MACROS
\def\eg{{\it e.g.}}
\def\ie{{\it i.e.}}
\def\cf{{\it c.f.}}
\def\etal{{\it et. al.}}
\hyphenation{Di-men-sion-al}

\usepackage[yyyymmdd,hhmmss]{datetime}
\newif{\ifeq}           % defines a new condition @eq tested by the conditional \ifeq
\eqtrue                 % if uncommented, declares @eq to be true
%\eqfalse               % if uncommented, declares @eq to be false
                                %
                                % to use this, wrap text with the conditional, eg:
                                %
                                % \ifeq
                                % SHOW THIS IFF \eqtrue HAS BEEN DECLARED
                                % \fi



%\preprint{MIT-CTP/nnnn}
\begin{document}
\title{The Title of Your Paper}
\author{Your Name}  
\affiliation{Department of Physics, 
University of California at San Diego,
La Jolla, CA 92093} 

\begin{abstract}
A concise abstract summarizing the point in a few sentences goes here.
\end{abstract}
%\pacs{Keywords: }
\maketitle


%\tableofcontents

\section{Introduction}


Words go here.

The introduction could end with an outline of what's going to happen in the rest of the paper.

\section{Equations and figures}

Here is an in-line equation $ \vec F = m \vec a$.
Here is a displayed equation.
$$ \vec F = m \vec a $$

Here is a numbered equation:
\be \label{eq:equation}
\vec F = m \vec a 
\ee
\eqref{eq:equation} is a numbered equation.

\cor This sentence is red.  \cob

\vskip0.2in
There is some vertical space before this sentence.

Here is how to include a figure called figure-name.png:
  \begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
    \includegraphics[width=0.41\textwidth]
    {figure-name.png}
    \end{verbatim}
  \end{center}
  
  \section{How to make the bibliography}

To make the bibilography you have two options.
\begin{enumerate}
\item You can get the references from e.g. 
\htmladdnormallink{spires}{http://inspirehep.net}
(click on LaTeX(US))
and paste them into a list below, like this:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{thebibliography}{99}
%\cite{Polyakov:1976fu}
\bibitem{Polyakov:1976fu} 
  A.~M.~Polyakov,
  ``Quark Confinement and 
  Topology of Gauge Groups,''
  Nucl.\ Phys.\ B {\bf 120}, 429 (1977).
  
  %\cite{Belavin:1976vj}
\bibitem{Belavin:1976vj} 
  A.~A.~Belavin and A.~M.~Polyakov,
``Quantum Fluctuations 
of Pseudoparticles,''
  Nucl.\ Phys.\ B {\bf 123}, 429 (1977).
\end{thebibliography}
\end{verbatim}
This requires you to put them in the right order.

\item Alternatively you can use BibTeX:
Paste the BibTeX entries
(on spires, click on BibTeX; the 
\htmladdnormallink{Physical Review Online}{http://prola.aps.org/}
website also exports BibTeX references)
into a file called \eg\ paper.bib.
The entries look like this:
\begin{verbatim}
@article{Polyakov:1976fu,
      author         = "Polyakov, Alexander M.",
      title          = "{Quark Confinement and Topology of Gauge Groups}",
      journal        = "Nucl.Phys.",
      volume         = "B120",
      pages          = "429-458",
      doi            = "10.1016/0550-3213(77)90086-4",
      year           = "1977",
      reportNumber   = "NORDITA-76/33",
      SLACcitation   = "%%CITATION = NUPHA,B120,429;%%",
}
\end{verbatim}
Then, instead of the bibliography list, place this command before the end:
\begin{verbatim}
\bibliography{paper}
\end{verbatim}
\end{enumerate}
In either case, we cite a paper like this:
\cite{Polyakov:1976fu}.


\vskip.2in
{\bf Acknowledgements}

Here you can acknowledge people who helped you.


\begin{thebibliography}{99}
%\cite{Polyakov:1976fu}
\bibitem{Polyakov:1976fu} 
  A.~M.~Polyakov,
  ``Quark Confinement and Topology of Gauge Groups,''
  Nucl.\ Phys.\ B {\bf 120}, 429 (1977).
  
  %\cite{Belavin:1976vj}
\bibitem{Belavin:1976vj} 
  A.~A.~Belavin and A.~M.~Polyakov,
``Quantum Fluctuations of Pseudoparticles,''
  Nucl.\ Phys.\ B {\bf 123}, 429 (1977).
\end{thebibliography}



\end{document}